Usage Plans and Rate Limits

API reliability depends on sizing your capacity and resources to meet the changing needs of applications over time. This means attempting to understand and forecast usage, and then managing the frequency of requests to protect against overwhelming the service at peak usage times.

In the Selling Partner API, requests are rate limited using the token bucket algorithm. The algorithm is based on the analogy of a bucket that contains tokens, where each token can be exchanged to make a request. Tokens are automatically added to the bucket using a set rate-per-second until the maximum size of the bucket is reached. The maximum size is also called the burst rate. Each request subtracts a token from the bucket. Throttling occurs when a request is made for which no token is available because the bucket is empty. A throttled request results in an error response.

Usage Plans

Selling Partner API operations have associated usage plans that specify the rate limits. You can find these in the API Reference documentation. The usage plan definitions are:

• Rate - The number of requests per second that are added to the token bucket, and thus can be used to submit requests without experiencing throttling. If you are making calls continuously over a long period of time, staying below this rate will help you avoid throttled requests.
• Burst – The maximum size that the token bucket can reach. This also represents the maximum number of requests that you can build up over time and then submit simultaneously assuming the token bucket is full.

Standard Usage Plans

Most Selling Partner APIs are governed by standard usage plans. With a standard usage plan, rate limits are static for all callers and based on our expected calls patterns for each API operation. The default usage plan rates for every Selling Partner API operation are published in the API reference for that API section. Callers to an API operation should receive the throughput indicated by the default rates. Selling partners whose business demands require higher throughput might notice higher rate and burst values than the defaults if they have been granted an override by Amazon.

If you find that the default rates are not sufficient, refer to Strategies to optimize rate limits for your application workloads.

Dynamic Usage Plans

Dynamic usage plans only apply to the following Selling Partner APIs and operations:

A dynamic usage plan is one that is automatically adjusted to each selling partner based on the current and historical business needs for that business. The default rate limits published in the API Reference documentation can be used to plan your application. However, because the purpose of dynamic usage plans is to right-size those limits over time, the rates can change.

A variety of selling partner business metrics influence rate adjustments. These are business metrics only and do not include a historical number of API requests. Rates will not dynamically increase because an application sends API requests more frequently.

If you find that the default rates are not sufficient, refer to Strategies to optimize rate limits for your application workloads.

The x-amzn-RateLimit-Limit response header

When you submit a request to a Selling Partner API operation, the current rate limits for that operation are returned in the x-amzn-RateLimit-Limit response header, on a best-effort basis, for HTTP status codes 20x, 400 and 404 only. In some instances, our best-effort attempt to request, retrieve and provide the rate limit can itself fail. This could be due to random network error, our request attempt being throttled, or other hard-to-predict issues. When that happens, we will not fail an otherwise valid request to a Selling Partner API operation. We will instead return the response without the header.

This means you must not depend on the presence of the x-amzn-RateLimit-Limit header in a response. Instead, check for the presence of the header before attempting to use the rate limit value.

The x-amzn-RateLimit-Limit should never be expected in the response to a throttled, unauthorized, or unauthenticated request.

For information on how to use defined rate limits for each SP-API operation in an optimized manner and manage API throttling in application workloads, refer to Strategies to optimize rate limits for application workloads.

Frequently Asked Questions

General

The rate limits for one operation are too low for my use case. Can the limit be increased?

We aim for right-sized limits, with the goal that efficient call patterns should, ideally, never be throttled. If your application is consistently throttled, it might mean that your call patterns could be further optimized. Refer to What should I do if my application is consistently throttled for more information. If you find that default rates are not sufficient, refer to Strategies to optimize rate limits for your application workloads.

How should my application handle a 429 response?

A 429 is a retry-able status code. Feel free to try again, but repeated throttled requests require a back off strategy. Please refer to the x-amzn-RateLimit-Limit response header, when available, to determine if the rate limits differ from your expectations.

How can I test my application with respect to its usage plans?

You can test 429 error handling using the Selling Partner API sandbox. However, you cannot test rate limits with the sandbox. This is because while operations in production can have various rates, all sandbox operations share the same rate. You can find your assigned usage rates in the x-amzn-RateLimit-Limit response header for each operation, when available.

Can my application completely avoid getting throttled?

No. Any number of factors outside your control could result in a few transient 429s. This is expected and should be accounted for in your application code.

What should I do if my application is consistently throttled?

If your application is consistently throttled, it might mean that your call patterns could be further optimized. For example:

1. Call less frequently aligned with your rate limits.

2. Rely on push notifications instead of polling mechanisms.

3. Use batch APIs where available or otherwise try to do more with fewer calls. For example, with the Feeds and Reports APIs you can send or retrieve more information per call. Generally, examine your call patterns against the operations in an API to determine if you can get the same work done in fewer calls.

Will my application be throttled more often as I obtain more authorizations?

No. All usage plans are specific to application-Selling Partner pairs, so that your throughput grows naturally with your clients.

Will rate limits change?

We could raise rate limits at any time. If we ever lower the rate limits posted in the API reference documentation, we will communicate the change in advance to give you time to update and test your applications before the change goes live.

Rate limits for dynamic usage plans auto adjust higher or lower depending on business context.

Dynamic Usage Plans

Will my rate limits increase if my application is constantly throttled?

Rates are based on a selling partner’s business metrics. If an application is being throttled consistently, it likely means your call patterns are not aligned with the rate limits assigned to that selling partner. Refer to What should I do if my application is consistently throttled? and The rate limits for one operation are too low for my use case. Can the limit be increased?.

What is the overall goal of dynamic usage plans?

Historically, we have observed that homogeneous usage plans are over-sized for some situations and, worse, under-sized for others. The goal of dynamic usage plans is to leverage the known business context of a given call to put the right limits in place for any situation.

What factors influence dynamic usage plans?

In general, rate limits are shaped by the type, size, and behavior of the selling partner business.

How often will the limits associated with a given usage plan change?

We aim to prevent frequent, disruptive changes to limits. Generally, limits will be changed as soon as we detect meaningful changes in the business metrics in a Selling Partner account.

How should I code my application to respect dynamic limits?

Here are a few suggestions for good application behavior with respect to dynamic rate limits.

1. Read the x-amzn-RateLimit-Limit header, when available.

2. Do not hardcode timers.

3. Code naturally against events rather than running on a loop. If you do this you won’t need a timer at all. In the example of a re-pricer, update prices in response to price notifications rather than every n-seconds.